ahrar-202605241320260524130451CMV Verlagkhoffmann@cmv-verlag.comCMV VerlagAhrar Private Law Research Journalahrar2821-2703531202336Amirreza MahmoudiMostafaAbbasiSeyedeh Mahshid Miri Balajurshri53120231910.66224/ahrar.42505.3.6.1http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/42505http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42505http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42505http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42505http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42505http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42505http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42505http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42505Akbari, Musa Al-Reza, (1378) review of the 1376 Landlord and Tenant Relations Law, Judicial Journal, No. 16, pp. 18-21.Banai Eskoui, Majid, (1389), Comparative Study of Lease Cancellation, Law and Policy Research, Year 12, Number 28.Shams, Abdullah, (1387) Landlord and Tenant Relations in Civil Law, Darak Publishing House, Tehran.Shiravi, Abdul Hossein, (1379) A Look at the Law of Landlord and Tenant Relations, Qom Higher Education Complex Magazine, No. 7-8, Autumn and Winter. pp. 7-34.Fazli, Abdul Saeed, (2016) Disruption of the course of the rental law, Jangal Publishing, Tehran.Karimi, Kayhan, (2014) Rent in Imami jurisprudence and Iranian law, Faryad Kavir publishing house, Mamsani.Lotfi, Esdaleh, (2012) Lease Contract, Javadane Publishing House, Tehran.Mehdi, Allameh, (2008) Analysis of the Law of Landlord and Tenant Relations 2016 with a perspective on former laws, Master's thesis, private law field, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan branch.Mehman Nawazan, (2013) Rooh Elah, Tenancy in Iranian Subject Laws and Jurisprudence, Andisheh Asr Publishing House, Tehran.Mehman Nawazan, Ruholah, (1388) Review of the Law of Landlord and Tenant Relations from 1956 to 1988, Andisheh Asr Publishing House, Tehran.AliJamalzadehBehnamGhanbar pour5312023102710.66224/ahrar.42506.3.6.10http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/42506http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42506http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42506http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42506http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42506http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42506http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42506http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42506Al-Sunhouri, Abdul Razzaq Ahmad, (1945), Sources of Al-Haq fi Fiqh al-Islami, vol. 5, Egypt, Cairo, Jamiat al-Arabiya.Taghizadeh, Ibrahim; Ahmadi, Afshin, (2014), "The position of unfair terms in Iranian law with a look at Article 46 of the Electronic Commerce Law", Private Law Research, third year, Vol. 10, pp. 42-9. Hosseini Modares, Seyyed Mehdi; Golshifteh, Esmat, (2013), "The compensation method for breach of contractual obligations in English law and its design in Iranian law", Civil Law Knowledge, Volume 2, Autumn and Winter 2013: pp. 27-39.Ranjbar, Reza; Salaripour, Ismail, (2018), "Review of the nature and jurisprudential foundations of obligation", Fiqh and Fundamentals of Islamic Law Quarterly, Vol. 8 and 9, Summer and Fall 2019: pp. 37-6.Zargar, Mahmoud, (2018), strategic models and business solutions on the Internet, Tehran, Bahineh Publications.Sarmadsaidi, Sohail; Mirabi, Vahidreza, (1383), Electronic Commerce, Tehran, Persman Publications.Safai, Seyyed Hossein, (2018), Civil Laws, General Rules of Contracts, Vol. 2, Ch. 32, Tehran, Mizan Publishing House.Sahraian, Mohammad; Zare, Mehdi, (2018), "Contracts concluded in the Internet environment in Iranian and French law", Iranian and International Comparative Law Research Quarterly, pp. 113-131.Katouzian, Nasser; (2018), General Rules of Contracts, Vol. 1, Tehran, Publishing Company.Katouzian, Nasser; (2019), General Rules of Contracts, Vol. 3, Tehran, Publishing Company.Katouzian, Nasser, (2016), Civil Law in the Current Legal Order, Tehran, Mizan Legal Foundation.Katouzian, Nasser, (1374), General Theory of Obligations, Tehran, Yalda Publishing.Mohaghegh Damad, Seyed Mustafa; Esfandiar, Khashayar, (2018), "Judicial justice and its role in claiming contractual damages", Legal Journal of Justice; No. 108, pp. 49-25.Mohagheq Damad, Seyyed Mostafi (2007), Jurisprudence Rules (Civil Section), Vol. 2, Tehran, Semat Publications, 8th edition.Masaki Nia, Mohammad, (2013), "How to conclude electronic contracts and its features", two scientific-research quarterly journals of civil law science, first issue, spring and summer 2013, pp. 85-98.Mousaviyan, Seyyed Abbas; Maithami, Hossein, (2016), "Evaluation of proposed solutions to solve the challenge of late payment penalty in Islamic banking", Trend Quarterly; No. 80, pp. 113-140.Namur, Sode; Hosni, Alireza, (2017), "Comparative comparison of adjustment of obligation in French and Iranian law", Sabak specialized scientific journal, pp. 23-11.Nik-Bakhsh Tehrani, Mohammad Hasan; Azarsabri, Mehdi, (2008), Familiarity with electronic commerce and its infrastructures, Tehran, Institute of Iran.Nouri, Mohammad-Ali; Nakhjavani, Reza, (2018), Laws of Electronic Commerce, Tehran, Ganj Danesh Publishing.Yazdanian, Alireza, (2016), Lessons from Comparative Civil Law, Vol. 1, Tehran, Mizan Publications.Urbaczewski. Andrew,(1998), Business horizon, A Managers Primer in Electronic Commerce ،Leonardo M. Jessup and Bradley C. Wheeler, No 5, 15 –pp.Flour, Jacques,(2015), Aubert, Jean-Luc, Savaux Eric, Droit civil ; les obligations t. 3; le rapport d'obligation, 9e édition, Paris, UniversitéDalloz.Mazeaud, Denis, (1992), La notion de clause pénale, Paris, LGDJ. Terré, François, (2018), Philippe et Lequette, Yves, Droit civil: Les obligations, 12e, Dalloz. Article 1108: "Quatre conditions sont essentielles pour la validité d'une convention:Le consentement de la partie qui s'oblige; Sa capacité de contracter; Un objet certain qui forme la matière de l'engagement; Une cause licite dans l'obligation. Article 1159: "That which is ambiguous is interpreted by the usage in the region where the contract was made". (Ce qui est ambigu s'interprète par ce qui est d'usage dans le pays où le contrat est passé). Article 1160: "Clauses which are customary are to be supplied in the contract even though they are not expressed there. (On doit suppléer dans le contrat les clauses qui y sont d'usage, quoiqu'elles n'y soient pas exprimées). Article 1101: "Le contrat est une convention par laquelle une ou plusieurs personnes s'obligent, envers une ou plusieurs autres, à donner, à faire ou à ne pas faire quelque chose. Article 1134: "Les conventions légalement formées tiennent lieu de loi à ceux qui les ont faites.Elles ne peuvent être révoquées que de leur consentement mutuel, ou pour les causes que la loi autorise. Elles doivent être exécutées de bonne foi. Article 1156: "The common intention of the contracting parties must be sought in agreements rather than to stop at the literal sense of terms. Art. 1341: "... No evidence by witness against and outside of the content of instrument is allowed ..." Article 1152: "Lorsque la convention porte que celui qui manquera de l'exécuter payera une certaine somme à titre de dommages-intérêts, il ne peut être alloué à l'autre partie une somme plus forte, ni moindre.Néanmoins, le juge peut, même d'office, modérer ou augmenter la peine qui avait été convenue, si elle est manifestement excessive ou dérisoire. Toute stipulation contraire sera réputée non écrite. Article 1229: "La clause pénale est la compensation des dommages et intérêts que le créancier souffre de l'inexécution de l'obligation principale.Il ne peut demander en même temps le principal et la peine, à moins qu'elle n'ait été stipulée pour le simple retard.Mehrdad GhaniAlireza Mohammad Beyki5312023284210.66224/ahrar.42508.3.6.28http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/42508http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42508http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42508http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42508http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42508http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42508http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42508http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42508Esfandiari, Mohammad Saleh, )2014(, sociological analysis of prison, Majd Scientific and Cultural Assembly, first edition, Tehran.Durkheim, Emil, (2003), on the division of social work, translated by Baqer Parham, first edition, published by Babel Bookstore. 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(1991). “Sociological perspectives on punishment,” in Crime and Criminal Justice: A Review of Research (M. Tonry, Ed.), pp. 115–166, Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago.Garland, David, ( 1986), Review: Foucault's "Discipline and Punish"--An Exposition and Critique, American Bar Foundation Research Journal, Vol. 11, No. 4., pp. 847-880Garland, David,(2018), Theoretical advances and problems in the sociology of punishment, Punishment & Society, Vol. 20(1) 8–33, journals.sagepub.com/home/pun.http:/ www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/difference-between-prison-and-correctional-facilityschlanger,margo,(2003), differences between jails and prisons, Harvard law school.Fatemeh RamezaniAbbasTaghvaee5312023435510.66224/ahrar.42509.3.6.43http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/42509http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42509http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42509http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42509http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42509http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42509http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42509http://ahrarlawjournal.ir/en/Article/Download/42509Pourbafrani, (2013), International Criminal Law, Tehran-Jangal, 12th edition.Shahlai and Ezrati, (2017), Fundamental Private International Law (Conflict of Laws), Farzangan Publications.Hosseini Nejad, Spring (1993), International Criminal Law, Tehran. 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Mizan publication, first edition.Shariat Bagheri, Autumn (1992), International Criminal Law, Jungle Publishing.Ziai Bigdeli, Fall (2013), General International Law, Ganj Danesh Publications, 8th edition.Abbasi Fall (1992), extradition of criminals, Tehran-Ganj Danesh, first edition.Walidi, year (1963), General Criminal Law, Tehran, first edition, volume 1.Foroughi, Fazallah, Juoki, Behzad, (1996), solutions to conflicts of jurisdiction in the realm of international criminal law, International Legal Journal, Fall-Winter , Volume 34, Number 57, Pages 285-249.Pour Bafrani, Hassan, )2007), The Nature and Types of Jurisdiction in International Criminal Law, Qom Educational Complex Journal, Spring 81, Number 12, Pages 161-186.Akhundi, Mahmoud,(2013), Criminal Jurisdiction, Legal Journal of the Ministry of Justice, Mehr 57, No. 3, page 1-26.Temuk, Ali,(2020), International Criminal Law Fields in Iranian Legislation, Comparative Law Institute Publication, Spring-Summer 56, No. 3, Page 138-97.Beikzadeh, Ibrahim, (2010), United Nations and International Criminal Courts, Journal of Legal Research, Summer-Winter 57, No. 18, page 146-39.Haeri, Majid,(1949), International Criminal Law, Bar Association, number 20-21-22, page 16-21.Lavasani, Mahmoud,(1964), International Crimes, Lawyers Association, Farvardin-Ardibehesht 43, No. 98, page 181-1987.Izadi, Ali, (1996), Conflict of Jurisdiction between International Courts and Tribunals, Doctoral Dissertation of International Law, University of Tehran.Javidzadeh, Ali,(2000), Jurisdiction of the Criminal Court in International Criminal Law, Master's Thesis of Islamic Studies and Criminal Law and Criminology, Imam Sadiq University 76.Zarkalam, Sattar,(2010), conflict of criminal laws in place, master's thesis, University of Tehran 70.Momeni, Mehdi, The Spatial Domain of Criminal Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Master's Thesis of Shahid Modares University 73.Akehurest, Micheal, (1988), A modern introduction to international Law. 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