List of Articles Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 1 - The Basis of Civil Liability in Automobile Manufacturing in Iranian and English Law Reza Jahan Panah Qasem Qasemi Bivarzani 10.66224/ahrar.53271.6.12. 20.1001.1.28212703.1404.6.12.1.7 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 2 - A Jurisprudential and Legal Analysis of the Liability of Online Stores in Supplying Defective Goods with Respect to the Concepts of Gharar and Digital Fraud Hediyeh Fallah Mostafa Ghafoorian Nejad 10.66224/ahrar.53272.6.12.16 20.1001.1.28212703.1404.6.12.2.8 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 3 - Comparative Analysis of the Legal Nature of the Contract of Gift in Iranian Civil Law and Western Legal Systems Afrooz Gholamzad Kohnesari Mohsen Khakzad Mostafa Khazal Vashi 10.66224/ahrar.53273.6.12.35 20.1001.1.28212703.1404.6.12.3.9 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 4 - Legal Developments of Divorce in Iran: Analysis of Laws and Implementation Challenges Seyyedeh Zeynab sadat Mortazavi Sayyed Ali Jabbar Golbaghi Masouleh 10.66224/ahrar.53274.6.12.52 20.1001.1.28212703.1404.6.12.4.0 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 5 - Analysis of the Role of Laws in Supporting Nurses' Rights (Challenges and Solutions) Maryam Lotfmanesh Ahmad Pour Ebrahim 10.66224/ahrar.53275.6.12.68 20.1001.1.28212703.1404.6.12.5.1 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 6 - Validity of Participation Contracts in Medical Research Based on the General Rules of Contracts Mohsen Pour Ali Mohsen Pourmohammad 10.66224/ahrar.53282.6.12.81 20.1001.1.28212703.1404.6.12.6.2 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 7 - A Comparative Analysis of Silence as Legal Conduct in Pre‑Contractual Negotiations: A Novel Approach Based on Good Faith and Legitimate Reliance Mohammadreza Marzban Moghadam Amin Najafian Fatemeh Shadhan 10.66224/ahrar.53283.6.12.106 20.1001.1.28212703.1404.6.12.7.3 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 8 - Legal Dimensions of Gender Reassignment in the Iranian Legal System Sadaf Haghparast Afshin Ghafghazi Yasra Tha'alabi 10.66224/ahrar.53299.6.12.121 20.1001.1.28212703.1404.6.12.8.4 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 9 - Procedural Objection by the Objecting Party to a Severable Judgment and Its Effect on the Rights of the Absent Convicted Party Rsoul Fazelniyari Kazem Khosravi 10.66224/ahrar.53300.6.12.137 20.1001.1.28212703.1404.6.12.9.5 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 10 - Legal Liability Arising from Algorithmic Decision‑Making in Emergency Triage Sogand Khoda Bandeh Fatemeh Mahdavi 10.66224/ahrar.53329.6.12.152 20.1001.1.28212703.1404.6.12.10.6 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 11 - Examination of the grounds for annulment of marriage, physical defects, and duress Elaheh Salehi Ghesmati Akbar Imanpour 10.66224/ahrar.53354.6.12.172 20.1001.1.28212703.1404.6.12.11.7 Open Access Article Abstract Page Full-Text 12 - Civil Liability of Physicians in Joint Clinical Decisions of Medical Staff and Artificial Intelligence Nasim Roshanfekr yasaman yaghobi Ambar Dwi Erawati 10.66224/ahrar.53355.6.12.195 20.1001.1.28212703.1404.6.12.12.8